9+ Easy Ways: Dry Apples in Air Fryer Fast!


9+ Easy Ways: Dry Apples in Air Fryer Fast!

The method of dehydrating apple slices inside a countertop convection oven presents a way for preserving the fruit and making a shelf-stable snack. This system leverages the pressured sizzling air circulation inherent to the equipment to take away moisture from the apple tissue, inhibiting microbial progress and enzymatic browning. For instance, thinly sliced apples organized in a single layer inside the air fryer basket are subjected to managed warmth and airflow till the specified degree of dryness is achieved.

The first benefit of using this methodology lies in its velocity and effectivity in comparison with conventional oven drying or solar drying. The concentrated airflow reduces the processing time considerably, doubtlessly minimizing vitality consumption. Moreover, the managed setting ensures a extra constant and predictable end result, lowering the chance of spoilage or uneven dehydration. This will enable for the creation of more healthy and extra controllable snack choices.

The following sections will element the optimum procedures for choosing, getting ready, and drying apples utilizing a convection oven, together with steering on storage and troubleshooting potential points to acquire the specified product.

1. Apple Choice

The number of apple varieties straight influences the resultant traits of the dehydrated product. Sure apple cultivars possess inherent qualities that improve the drying course of and enhance the ultimate end result, within the context of drying in an air fryer. For instance, apples with a better sugar content material, comparable to Fuji or Gala, are likely to caramelize extra throughout drying, leading to a sweeter, chewier texture. Conversely, tart varieties like Granny Smith will retain a extra pronounced acidity after dehydration, offering a contrasting taste profile. The structural integrity of the apple additionally performs an important function; firmer apples preserve their form higher through the drying course of, stopping extreme shrinkage or crumbling, contributing to a extra interesting visible look.

Moreover, an apple’s water content material impacts the drying time and general yield. Varieties with decrease water content material require much less time to dehydrate, leading to larger effectivity when using a time-sensitive drying methodology like an air fryer. Selecting apples which can be free from blemishes and bruises minimizes waste and reduces the probability of spoilage through the dehydration course of. Sensible examples embody using Honeycrisp apples for his or her crisp texture and balanced sweetness, or using Braeburn apples for his or her complicated taste profile that intensifies throughout dehydration.

In conclusion, deciding on the suitable apple selection is paramount for reaching the specified texture, taste, and look when dehydrating in an air fryer. Cautious consideration of things comparable to sugar content material, acidity, structural integrity, and water content material is crucial for optimizing the drying course of and producing a high-quality, shelf-stable product. The understanding of those traits permits for the personalized manufacturing based mostly on taste and texture preferences whereas making certain a constant end result.

2. Preparation Strategies

The preparation of apples straight determines the efficacy of the drying course of inside an air fryer. Preliminary steps, comparable to washing and coring, take away potential contaminants and inedible parts, respectively. Peeling, whereas non-obligatory, influences the feel of the ultimate product. Apples with the peel intact will end in a chewier, extra textured dried slice, whereas peeled apples will probably be smoother. Slicing is a important stage; uniformity in slice thickness is paramount for even dehydration. Various thicknesses end in some slices drying sooner than others, resulting in inconsistencies in texture and doubtlessly inflicting some slices to burn earlier than others are adequately dried. A constant slice thickness, usually between 1/8 and 1/4 inch, facilitates uniform drying, whatever the tools used. This uniformity can also be affected by the slicing instrument; mandolines or vegetable slicers regularly ship extra constant thickness than guide knife work.

Pre-treatment strategies are important to forestall oxidation and browning through the drying process. Oxidation, attributable to enzymatic reactions when the apple flesh is uncovered to air, ends in undesirable discoloration. Frequent pre-treatment strategies embody soaking the apple slices in an acidic resolution comparable to lemon juice, citric acid, or ascorbic acid. These options inhibit enzymatic browning, preserving the apple’s pure colour. The focus and length of soaking impression the effectiveness of this prevention. As an example, an answer of 1 tablespoon of lemon juice per cup of water, with a soaking time of 10-Quarter-hour, is usually ample. Various strategies, comparable to blanching the apple slices briefly in boiling water or steaming them, also can deactivate the enzymes accountable for browning. Nevertheless, such strategies can have an effect on the apple’s texture, making it softer, so cautious consideration must be given to the specified finish end result.

In abstract, preparation strategies play a pivotal function in reaching optimum outcomes when dehydrating apples with an air fryer. Exact slicing, sufficient pre-treatment to forestall browning, and considerate choices concerning peeling all contribute to the ultimate product’s high quality. Inconsistent preparation can result in uneven drying, undesirable discoloration, and in the end, a much less passable dehydrated snack. The adherence to cautious preparation methods maximizes the effectivity of the air fryer and ensures a palatable and visually interesting end result. These preparation steps are important for reaching a predictable and dependable end result utilizing a convection methodology.

3. Air Fryer Settings

Exact air fryer settings are important to efficient apple dehydration. Insufficient regulation of temperature and length may end up in under-dried, spoiled fruit or excessively hardened, doubtlessly burnt merchandise. Optimum parameters allow environment friendly moisture extraction whereas preserving the specified texture and taste profiles.

  • Temperature Regulation

    Temperature management straight impacts the speed of moisture elimination. Decrease temperatures (round 135F – 170F or 57C – 77C) facilitate a gradual dehydration, minimizing the chance of floor hardening and selling a extra uniform texture. Conversely, elevated temperatures could cause the outside to dry too shortly, trapping moisture inside and resulting in an undesirable, leathery consistency. For instance, constantly sustaining a decrease temperature ensures that the apple slices dehydrate evenly with out turning into excessively brittle. Correct temperature upkeep is crucial for stopping caramelization that may impression taste profile.

  • Drying Period

    The length of the drying cycle is contingent on elements comparable to slice thickness, apple selection, and the air fryer’s particular warmth distribution. Inadequate drying time ends in residual moisture, growing the chance of microbial progress and spoilage. Conversely, extended publicity to warmth results in extreme hardening and potential burning. Common monitoring and adjustment of the drying time are obligatory to realize the specified degree of dryness. A take a look at slice, cooled and assessed for pliability, can present a dependable indicator of completion.

  • Airflow Administration

    Air fryers make the most of pressured convection, and optimizing airflow is crucial. Overcrowding the basket impedes circulation, leading to uneven drying. Arranging apple slices in a single layer, making certain sufficient house between every bit, promotes uniform moisture elimination. Shaking or rotating the basket periodically additional enhances airflow and ensures constant drying throughout all slices.

  • Wattage Concerns

    Air fryers differ in wattage, which influences their heating capability and, consequently, drying time. Greater-wattage fashions usually dehydrate extra shortly than lower-wattage fashions. Changes to the drying length could also be obligatory based mostly on the precise wattage of the air fryer getting used. For instance, a higher-wattage air fryer may require a shorter drying time on the identical temperature setting in comparison with a lower-wattage unit.

Due to this fact, the cautious choice and exact administration of temperature, drying length, airflow, and consideration of wattage are all inextricably linked to profitable apple dehydration utilizing an air fryer. Optimized settings maximize effectivity, reduce the chance of spoilage, and guarantee a constantly high-quality, shelf-stable dried apple product.

4. Slice Thickness

The thickness of apple slices is a main determinant of the end result when dehydrating them in an air fryer. Slice thickness straight influences the length and uniformity of moisture elimination. Thinner slices, usually starting from 1/8 to 1/4 inch, facilitate extra speedy and even dehydration as a result of elevated floor space uncovered to the recent air circulating inside the air fryer. This reduces the general drying time and minimizes the chance of uneven drying, the place some components of the slice stay moist whereas others grow to be excessively brittle. Conversely, thicker slices require a considerably longer drying interval, growing the probability of exterior hardening earlier than the interior moisture is absolutely extracted. The end result is usually a product with a troublesome exterior and a tender, doubtlessly spoiled, inside. For instance, a slice that’s 1/2 inch thick might seem dry on the floor after a regular drying cycle, however the core of the slice may nonetheless include sufficient moisture to advertise microbial progress.

Attaining constant slice thickness is important for predictable outcomes. Irregular slices result in uneven drying patterns, necessitating fixed monitoring and selective elimination of particular person slices as they attain the specified dryness. Using a mandoline or a vegetable slicer is advisable to make sure uniformity and repeatability. The sensible significance of this consistency extends past aesthetics; it ensures that every one slices attain a protected moisture degree for long-term storage. Contemplate the situation the place a batch of apple slices incorporates various thicknesses: thinner slices might grow to be overly crisp and flavorless, whereas thicker slices stay pliable and vulnerable to spoilage. This inconsistency undermines the first aim of dehydration, which is to create a secure, preservable meals product.

In abstract, slice thickness is an indispensable variable in dehydrating apples utilizing an air fryer. Cautious management over this parameter optimizes the drying course of, lowering the chance of spoilage and maximizing the standard of the ultimate product. Whereas slight variations in slice thickness are inevitable, striving for uniformity by means of applicable slicing methods is important for reaching constant outcomes and making certain the protection and longevity of the dried apple slices. Failure to take care of slice thickness may end up in a compromised and doubtlessly unsafe product.

5. Association Uniformity

Association uniformity inside the air fryer basket straight impacts the effectivity and consistency of apple dehydration. Optimized preparations facilitate airflow and warmth distribution, thereby influencing the speed and evenness of moisture extraction.

  • Single-Layer Distribution

    A single-layer association prevents overlapping and ensures that every apple slice is straight uncovered to the circulating sizzling air. Overlapping slices create pockets of trapped moisture, resulting in uneven drying and potential spoilage. Actual-world examples embody eventualities the place stacked slices grow to be excessively dry on uncovered surfaces whereas remaining moist and weak to microbial progress beneath. That is essential to recollect whereas studying the best way to dry apples in air fryer.

  • Spacing Optimization

    Enough spacing between particular person apple slices promotes unimpeded airflow. Inadequate spacing restricts air circulation, leading to localized temperature variations and inconsistent drying. Sensible functions of this precept contain making certain that there’s a small hole between every slice, permitting sizzling air to flow into freely round every bit. Utilizing appropriately sized batches is necessary whereas studying the best way to dry apples in air fryer.

  • Orientation Consistency

    Sustaining constant orientation of apple slices, comparable to laying them flat with the identical facet going through up, contributes to uniform drying. Variations in orientation can expose completely different surfaces to the direct move of sizzling air, inflicting inconsistencies in texture and moisture content material. In follow, this includes rigorously positioning every slice to maximise publicity to the airflow. This straightforward step can improve your information about the best way to dry apples in air fryer.

  • Basket Capability Administration

    Overfilling the air fryer basket compromises airflow and inhibits uniform dehydration. Exceeding the advisable basket capability ends in uneven drying and will increase the chance of spoilage. Adhering to the producer’s pointers concerning most fill ranges ensures optimum efficiency and constant outcomes. Air fryer efficiency straight pertains to studying the best way to dry apples in air fryer.

The aforementioned sides of association uniformity are instrumental in optimizing the dehydration course of when using an air fryer. Cautious consideration to single-layer distribution, spacing optimization, orientation consistency, and basket capability administration contributes to a extra environment friendly and predictable drying end result, making certain a high-quality, shelf-stable product.

6. Drying Period

The drying length is a important variable within the means of dehydrating apples utilizing an air fryer. It determines the ultimate moisture content material of the fruit and considerably impacts its texture, taste, and shelf stability. Inadequate drying results in spoilage, whereas extreme drying ends in an undesirable, overly brittle product.

  • Slice Thickness Dependency

    The time required to adequately dehydrate apple slices in an air fryer is straight proportional to their thickness. Thinner slices require a shorter drying length in comparison with thicker slices. Variations in thickness inside a single batch will result in uneven drying, necessitating changes to the general time or the selective elimination of adequately dried items. As an example, slices measuring 1/8 inch thick may dehydrate absolutely in 2-3 hours, whereas 1/4-inch slices might require 4-5 hours.

  • Temperature Affect

    Drying length is inversely associated to the air fryer’s working temperature. Greater temperatures speed up moisture elimination but in addition enhance the chance of scorching or floor hardening. Decrease temperatures require an extended drying length however promote extra even dehydration and scale back the probability of caramelization. Sustaining a stability between temperature and time is essential for reaching the specified texture and taste profile. Sometimes, decrease temperatures are most popular for prolonged drying durations.

  • Apple Selection Variations

    Completely different apple varieties possess various water content material ranges, which affect the drying length. Varieties with larger moisture content material require longer drying occasions to realize a comparable degree of dehydration in comparison with varieties with decrease moisture content material. Granny Smith apples, recognized for his or her excessive water content material, will usually require an extended drying length than Fuji apples, that are comparatively much less juicy.

  • Environmental Humidity

    Ambient humidity ranges have an effect on the effectivity of the air fryer’s dehydration course of. Greater humidity slows moisture elimination, growing the drying length. In humid environments, extending the drying time and making certain sufficient airflow are obligatory to forestall residual moisture and potential spoilage. Consideration for seasonal differences in humidity is crucial for constant outcomes.

In abstract, the drying length just isn’t a set parameter however quite a dynamic issue influenced by slice thickness, temperature, apple selection, and environmental humidity. Efficient apple dehydration in an air fryer necessitates cautious monitoring and adjustment of the drying length to realize the optimum stability between moisture elimination, texture, taste, and shelf stability. Changes have to be made whereas studying the best way to dry apples in air fryer.

7. Monitoring Course of

The act of monitoring the drying course of represents an important stage within the effort to dehydrate apple slices utilizing an air fryer. The cause-and-effect relationship is simple: constant and correct monitoring results in optimum dehydration, whereas neglecting this course of ends in inconsistent outcomes or, worse, a spoiled product. Steady oversight permits for well timed changes to temperature or length, stopping over-drying or under-drying, each of which compromise the standard and shelf lifetime of the ultimate product. For instance, common visible inspection of the apple slices can reveal early indicators of burning, prompting a right away discount in temperature to mitigate additional injury. Equally, detecting slices that stay pliable signifies incomplete dehydration, necessitating an extension of the drying time.

The sensible significance of this monitoring course of stems from the inherent variability in air fryer efficiency and environmental situations. Air fryers might exhibit slight temperature fluctuations, and ambient humidity can affect the speed of moisture extraction. These elements underscore the necessity for vigilant remark. A hands-on strategy, involving periodic sampling of apple slices to evaluate their texture and moisture content material, supplies actionable information. A slice exhibiting a leathery texture and minimal pliability signifies sufficient dehydration. Conversely, a slice that’s overly sticky or yields readily when bent requires extra drying. The monitoring course of is due to this fact an lively suggestions loop, enabling knowledgeable decision-making all through the dehydration cycle.

In conclusion, the monitoring course of just isn’t merely an ancillary step however an integral part of efficiently dehydrating apples inside an air fryer. It’s the mechanism by which deviations from optimum situations are detected and rectified. Via diligent remark and well timed intervention, it ensures the manufacturing of a protected, palatable, and shelf-stable dried apple product. The follow necessitates a level of attentiveness, nevertheless it yields a excessive return when it comes to high quality management and waste discount.

8. Cooling Process

The cooling process is a non-negotiable step following the lively dehydration of apple slices in an air fryer. Its operate extends past merely lowering the temperature; it permits for moisture equilibration and significant evaluation of the completed product. Untimely storage with out sufficient cooling introduces a danger of condensation and subsequent spoilage. Failure to regulate this section diminishes the effectiveness of all the drying operation.

  • Moisture Redistribution

    Cooling facilitates the redistribution of residual moisture inside the apple slices. In the course of the drying course of, moisture migrates from the inside to the floor. A managed cooling interval permits this moisture to equalize, stopping the outside from turning into excessively dry whereas the inside stays barely moist. Speedy cooling can lure moisture, resulting in uneven texture and lowered shelf life. A sensible instance includes observing a batch of apple slices: These cooled slowly exhibit a constant chewiness, whereas these cooled quickly might have a brittle exterior and a barely sticky inside. The perfect setting ought to promote this equilibrium.

  • Texture Stabilization

    The cooling interval is instrumental in stabilizing the feel of the dried apple slices. Because the temperature decreases, the apple tissue companies up, reaching its ultimate consistency. Hastening this course of can result in a much less fascinating, generally gummy, texture. Correct cooling permits the mobile construction to completely set, yielding a crisp or chewy texture relying on the drying parameters and apple selection. An illustration of that is the comparability between apple slices cooled at room temperature versus these instantly refrigerated; the previous exhibit a extra developed and secure texture.

  • Spoilage Prevention

    Permitting apple slices to chill utterly earlier than storage is essential for stopping spoilage. Residual heat can promote condensation inside storage containers, creating an setting conducive to mildew progress and bacterial proliferation. Cooling the slices to room temperature ensures that minimal moisture is current when sealed, considerably lowering the chance of spoilage. A sensible demonstration includes observing the distinction between two batches of dried apples, one saved instantly after drying and the opposite allowed to chill totally: The previous regularly exhibit indicators of mildew inside just a few days, whereas the latter stay secure for prolonged durations.

  • High quality Evaluation

    The cooling process supplies a possibility for a ultimate high quality evaluation of the dehydrated apple slices. Because the slices cool, their true texture and moisture degree grow to be obvious. Slices that also really feel pliable or sticky require extra drying. Moreover, off-odors or discoloration, which might not be instantly noticeable at larger temperatures, grow to be extra evident throughout cooling, enabling the identification and elimination of compromised items. This evaluation is an important failsafe, making certain that solely absolutely dehydrated and high-quality apple slices are saved for consumption.

In abstract, the cooling process is an indispensable ingredient within the air fryer dehydration course of. It permits for moisture redistribution, texture stabilization, spoilage prevention, and a ultimate high quality verify. Failing to stick to a correct cooling protocol negates lots of the advantages achieved through the lively drying section and compromises the protection and longevity of the dried apple slices.

9. Storage Methods

Storage methods characterize the ultimate, important step within the sequence initiated by the apple dehydration course of inside an air fryer. Insufficient storage negates the hassle expended in deciding on, getting ready, drying, and cooling the apple slices, doubtlessly rendering all the course of futile. The first goal of correct storage is to keep up the low moisture content material achieved throughout dehydration, thereby inhibiting microbial progress and enzymatic browning, which result in spoilage. For instance, dried apple slices saved in a loosely sealed container in a damp setting will quickly reabsorb moisture, turning into pliable and inclined to mildew formation, successfully undoing the preservation achieved by means of dehydration. The efficacy of storage is, due to this fact, straight depending on the rigor employed through the previous steps of the method.

The number of applicable storage containers performs a significant function. Hermetic containers, constructed from supplies comparable to glass, inflexible plastic, or metallic, present an impermeable barrier towards moisture ingress. Vacuum-sealing represents an much more efficient strategy, eradicating air from the container and additional minimizing the chance of moisture reabsorption. Sensible utility includes selecting containers applicable for the amount of dried apples being saved, minimizing empty airspace that would lure moisture. Moreover, the storage setting is a key determinant of success. Cool, darkish, and dry situations are optimum, as elevated temperatures and publicity to gentle speed up degradation processes. A pantry or a root cellar, maintained at a constant temperature beneath 70F (21C), supplies an acceptable setting. Refrigeration or freezing can lengthen the shelf life additional, notably in humid climates, however it’s important to make sure the apple slices are utterly dry earlier than refrigeration to forestall condensation inside the container. Desiccant packets added to the storage container also can show helpful in mitigating any residual moisture. An occasion of this precept in motion is storing dried apples in a freezer-safe bag with a silica gel packet, successfully prolonging their usability for a number of months.

In conclusion, applicable storage methods are inextricably linked to the success of apple dehydration utilizing an air fryer. They represent the ultimate line of protection towards spoilage and are important for preserving the standard, taste, and dietary worth of the dried fruit. Neglecting these methods compromises the previous efforts and in the end ends in a waste of sources. Due to this fact, meticulous consideration to container choice, storage setting, and moisture management is paramount for realizing the complete advantages of air fryer dehydration and making certain a chronic shelf life for the dried apple slices. The mastery of the best way to dry apples in air fryer is incomplete with out mastery of storage methods.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the method of apple dehydration utilizing an air fryer. The data offered goals to make clear optimum methods and potential challenges related to this preservation methodology.

Query 1: Is pre-treatment of apple slices important earlier than air frying?

Pre-treatment, particularly the applying of an acidic resolution comparable to lemon juice or citric acid, is very advisable to inhibit enzymatic browning. This course of preserves the apple’s pure colour and enhances its visible attraction post-dehydration. Untreated apple slices will typically exhibit a brownish discoloration, though this doesn’t essentially impression the edibility of the fruit.

Query 2: What’s the optimum temperature vary for dehydrating apples in an air fryer?

The advisable temperature vary usually falls between 135F (57C) and 170F (77C). Decrease temperatures facilitate gradual moisture elimination, minimizing the chance of floor hardening. Greater temperatures speed up the method however can result in an uneven texture and potential burning.

Query 3: How lengthy does it usually take to dehydrate apple slices in an air fryer?

Drying length varies based mostly on slice thickness, apple selection, and the precise air fryer mannequin. Typically, a timeframe of two to five hours is required. Common monitoring is crucial to evaluate dryness and stop over-dehydration. The ultimate texture must be pliable and leathery, with none residual stickiness.

Query 4: Can all apple varieties be efficiently dehydrated in an air fryer?

Whereas most apple varieties are appropriate for air fryer dehydration, some carry out higher than others. Firmer apples with decrease water content material are likely to yield superior outcomes. Softer varieties might grow to be excessively mushy or keep on with the air fryer basket. Experimentation with completely different varieties permits for the identification of optimum decisions based mostly on particular person preferences.

Query 5: Is it obligatory to make use of parchment paper or a liner within the air fryer basket?

Using parchment paper or a liner just isn’t strictly obligatory however can facilitate simpler cleanup and stop apple slices from sticking to the basket. Be certain that the liner permits for sufficient airflow; perforated parchment paper is an acceptable choice. Stable liners can impede air circulation and lengthen the drying time.

Query 6: How ought to dried apple slices be saved to keep up their high quality?

Correct storage is essential for preserving the shelf life and high quality of dehydrated apple slices. Hermetic containers, saved in a cool, darkish, and dry setting, are advisable. Desiccant packets could be added to the containers to soak up any residual moisture. Correctly saved, dried apple slices can stay palatable for a number of months.

In abstract, the profitable dehydration of apples in an air fryer requires cautious consideration to preparation, temperature management, drying length, and storage. These pointers purpose to help in reaching a constant and high-quality end result.

The following part supplies troubleshooting suggestions for addressing widespread points encountered through the dehydration course of.

Ideas for Optimizing Apple Dehydration in Air Fryers

These concise pointers purpose to maximise the efficacy of apple dehydration using air fryer expertise, specializing in methods to enhance product high quality and course of effectivity.

Tip 1: Prioritize Single-Layer Association: Keep away from overlapping apple slices inside the air fryer basket. This ensures constant airflow round every bit, selling uniform dehydration. Overcrowding results in uneven drying and potential spoilage.

Tip 2: Implement Common Rotation: Periodically shake or rotate the air fryer basket through the drying course of. This redistributes the apple slices, making certain that every one surfaces are uncovered to equal warmth and airflow, mitigating localized over-drying.

Tip 3: Calibrate Temperature and Time Incrementally: Provoke dehydration with a decrease temperature (e.g., 135F) and progressively enhance if obligatory. Monitor the method intently and modify the drying time in small increments to forestall burning or extreme hardening.

Tip 4: Make the most of a Mandoline for Uniform Slicing: Make use of a mandoline or vegetable slicer to realize constant slice thickness. Uniformity ensures that every one apple slices dehydrate at an analogous fee, minimizing inconsistencies in texture and moisture content material.

Tip 5: Assess Doneness Via Texture: Consider the dryness of the apple slices by their texture, not solely by time. The perfect texture is pliable and leathery, with none residual stickiness. Permit a pattern slice to chill utterly earlier than assessing its ultimate texture.

Tip 6: Incorporate Desiccant Packets for Storage: Embrace food-grade desiccant packets within the storage containers to soak up any residual moisture. This additional reduces the chance of spoilage and extends the shelf lifetime of the dried apple slices.

The following pointers characterize actionable methods for bettering the apple dehydration course of, leading to a higher-quality, shelf-stable product.

The following part will conclude this dialogue, summarizing the important thing concerns for profitable apple dehydration inside an air fryer context.

Conclusion

The previous sections have detailed the nuanced means of the best way to dry apples in air fryer. From selection choice to specific temperature management and correct storage, the outlined procedures serve to maximise each the standard and longevity of the dehydrated product. Adherence to those pointers minimizes the chance of spoilage and ensures a palatable end result.

The profitable implementation of those methods empowers the consumer to create a shelf-stable and nutritious snack. Continued refinement of the drying course of, by means of experimentation and remark, will additional optimize outcomes and broaden the chances of air fryer dehydration, making dried apples a available and pleasing deal with.